The Excel UPPER function changes a text string to and all upper case text string. The characters do not change, only the case.

The Excel LOWER function changes a text string to and all lower case text string. The characters do not change, only the case.

The Excel SUBSTITUTE function replaces existing test with new text in a text string. This function is useful for inserting text and/or correcting misspellings in Excel.

The Excel REPLACE function replaces part of a text string with a different text string.

The Excel FIND function returns a numerical value of the position of a text string within another text string.

The Excel TRIM function removes extra spaces from the beginning and end of a text string, as well as removes double spaces between characters.

The Excel SEARCH function returns a numerical value of the position of a text string within another text string.

The Excel LEN function returns the number of characters in a text string.

The Excel CONCATENATE function combines multiple text strings into a single text string.

The Excel MID function returns a specified number of characters from the middle of a text string.